湖南通道侗族自治县景观格局时空变化研究

Study on Spatio-temporal Change of Landscape Pattern in Tongdao Autonomous County of Hunan Province

准确把握乡村振兴背景下民俗文化区景观格局变化,是实现民俗景观可持续发展的重要抓手。基于Landsat遥感影像解译得到土地利用数据,计算相应的景观格局指数,分析2000―2018年通道侗族自治县土地利用类型及其景观格局的变化特征。结果表明:不同的土地利用类型面积变化趋势存在显著的差异性,其中,耕地和林地呈现出减少趋势,其他类型呈现出增加趋势。土地利用类型面积变化动态程度表现出差异性和阶段性,其中,耕地的动态度变化最为明显,而林地的动态度变化最弱;2000―2015年动态变化不明显,2015―2018年动态变化较为明显。不同类别的景观格局指数表现出不同的变化特征,其中,斑块密度、多样性、Shannon均匀度等指数均表现出逐年增长的态势,结合度指数表现出先减少后增加的态势,分离度指数表现出先增长后减少的态势,蔓延度指数表现出逐年减少的态势。因此,研究区未来发展旅游的过程中应进一步提升土地利用效率,保护生态景观增加人类福祉。

Accurately realizing the changes in the landscape pattern of folk cultural areas under the background of rural revitalization is an important starting point for achieving sustainable development of folk customs landscape.Based on the Landsat remote sensing image interpretation,the land use data are obtained,and the corresponding landscape pattern index is calculated.The characteristics of the land use patterns and the landscape pattern changes in the Channel Dong Autonomous County from 2000 to 2018 are analyzed.The results show that the area change trend of different land use types shows a significant difference.Among them,cultivated land and forest land show a decreasing trend,and other types show an increasing trend.The dynamic degree of the land use type area changes show a difference and a stage.Among them,the dynamic degree change of cultivated land is the most obvious,and the dynamic degree change of the forest land is the weakest;the dynamic change is not obvious from 2000 to 2015,and the dynamic change is more obvious from 2015 to 2018.Different types of landscape pattern indexes show different changing characteristics.Among them,the patches density,diversity,Shannon uniformity and other indexes all show year-on-year growth,and the combination degree index shows a trend of first decrease and then increase.The degree index shows a trend of first increase and then a decrease,and the degree of spread index shows a trend of decreasing year by year.Therefore,the future development of tourism in the study area should further improve land use efficiency,protect ecological landscape and increase human well-being.