民间借贷转诉不当得利的法律问题研究

Research on Legal Problems about Private Lending Litigation Converting to Unjust Enrichment Proceedings

原告先诉民间借贷而后转诉不当得利的案件,对于后诉是否构成不当得利的认定,司法实践中存在三种不同的裁判观点。民间借贷转诉不当得利作为一种特殊案型,其特征在于:无法查明诉争款项的给付目的时,不当得利的举证责任分配对诉讼结果具有直接影响;原告前诉主张的借贷事实在不同程度上干扰法官心证,间接影响不当得利的认定。有关证明责任分配,应由原告(给付者)负不当得利请求权各构成要件的举证责任。有关"无法律上原因"的认定,首先需排除前诉判决结果的干扰,其次确定个案中具体的给付目的,最后判断该给付目的是否实现。有关"受有利益"的认定,需坚持个别具体的认定标准,据以确定受领人所获得的具体利益。

In the case where the plaintiff first sued for private lending and then convert to unjust enrichment proceedings after he failed the former litigation,there are three different judgment opinions in judicial practice as to whether the latter suit constitutes an unjust enrichment.Private lending converting to unjust enrichment,as a special type of case,is characterized in that the burden of proof directly influence the result of litigation when the purpose of payment can’t be ascertained,and the proof used to prove lending facts will disturb the judge’s mental impressions,which indirectly influence the judgement.As for the burden of proof,the plaintiff(the payer)shall take the responsibility to prove the constitutive elements of unjust enrichment.Regarding the recognition of"without legal cause",it is necessary to exclude disturbance from former litigation,then find out the explicit purpose of the payment in this case,and finally determine whether the payment purpose is achieved.Regarding the recognition of"benefited",it is necessary to adhere to individual specific criteria to identify the specific benefits obtained by the recipient.