日本城市的过疏化现状、成因及启示

The Phenomenon of Urban Depopulation in Japan--A Study Based on Urban Quantity,Population Scale and Regional Distribution

日本在涉及行政区划时惯常使用的"市町村"中的"市",是日本城市体系的重要组成部分。2016年,日本共有此类"市"790个。就城市数量而言,小规模城市是日本城市的主体,其中尤以3万至10万人以下人口规模的"市"最多。小规模城市的存在对农村人口的就地城市化具有重要意义。然而,当社会发展进入少子高龄化的发展阶段后,规模过小的城市却易形成过疏化。不过,都市圈地区小规模城市的过疏化并不严重。目前,城市的过疏化已成为高度城市化的日本需面对的新课题。中国正在实施的新型城镇化可从日本的经验及教训中得到启发。

The"city"in the Japanese term for"municipality,"which is commonly used in administrative zoning,is an important part of Japan’s urban system.In 2016,there were 790 such"cities"in Japan.In terms of the number of cities,small-scale cities are the main part of Japanese cities,especially the"cities"with a population size of 30,000 to 100,000 citizen or less.The existence of small-scale cities is of great significance to the local urbanization of rural population.When social development enters the stage of aging development,the problem of depopulation arises from the small-scale urban accommodation.However,the problem of depopulation is not severe at the current stage.Therefore,the depopulation of cities has become a new issue in Japan,and the new urbanization being implemented in China can also be inspired by Japan’s experience and lessons.