嗜冷菌的嗜冷机制及其应用研究进展

Progress in the Mechanism and Application of Psychrophilic Bacteria

嗜冷菌是一类能在低温条件下正常生长的一类微生物的总称,嗜冷菌独特的生存环境归功于其独特的嗜冷机制,而其独特的嗜冷机制取决于其自己独特的生理结构发挥的生理功能。这些独特的生理结构使得嗜冷菌能在低温条件下正常生长,同时也可提供大量低温条件下依旧具有活性的生物资源。该文从细胞膜的流动性调节、抗冻蛋白、冷休克蛋白和冷活性酶4个方面解释嗜冷菌的嗜冷机制,介绍嗜冷机制的功能组分,简述嗜冷机制的作用原理,分析嗜冷菌独特的生物学特性在食品领域的应用前景。

Psychrophilic bacteria are a general term for a class of microorganisms that can grow normally under low temperature conditions.The unique living environment of psychrotrophic bacteria is attributed to its unique psychrophilic mechanism,and its unique psychrophilic mechanism depends on the physiological functions played by its own unique physiological structure.These unique physiological structures allow psychrotrophic bacteria to grow normally under low temperature conditions,and also provide us with a large number of biological resources that are still active under low temperature conditions.This article explained the psychrophilic mechanism of psychrophilic bacteria from the aspects of cell membrane fluidity regulation,antifreeze protein,cold shock protein and cold active enzyme,introduced the functional components of the psychrophilic mechanism,described the principle of the psychrophilic mechanism and analyzed the application prospects of the unique biological characteristics of psychrotrophic bacteria in the field of food.