汽轮机振动超限原因分析及解决办法

Cause Analysis for Excessive Vibration Occurred in Turbine and Solving Measure

汽轮机在起机和运行过程中,需要监测很多数据,比如汽轮机振动、轴向位移、胀差、绝对热膨胀、转速等,其中汽轮机振动是最容易超限的。根据笔者多年的设计和现场经验,多角度分析引起汽轮机振动的原因及对应的解决办法。针对汽轮机起机和运行时常见的因转子质量不平衡、轴承油膜震荡、暖机不充分、热膨胀不畅、管道力过大、动静摩擦、支撑刚性等问题引起的振动超限进行分析,并提供解决办法,可供汽轮机现场工作人员参考,快速解决同类问题。

In the start up and operation of turbine,several data is required to monitor,such as vibration,axial displacement,differential expansion,heat expansion and rotary speed,in which vibration is the most often beyond the limit.In this article,with the author’s experiences in design and onsite practice,the causes inducing vibration in turbine were analyzed from multi-aspects,including unbalanced rotor mass,oil membrane vibration,insufficiently heating of machine,restraint of heat expansion,excessive piping loads,dynamic and static friction,and support stiffness.And then some countered solving measures were provided.What presented herein can be referenced by the engineers involving in turbine engineering to fast solve the problems onsite and restore the turbine in stable operation.