西双版纳林区十五种游猎型蜘蛛听毛比较

Comparision of trichobothriums among fifteen active hunter spiders from Xishuangbanna forests in China

听毛是蜘蛛感受空气震动的重要感觉器官,其数量和分布在不同类群中相对稳定,其形态特征可作为一些类群的分类指标。利用体视显微镜和扫描电镜对管巢蛛科、狼蛛科、猫蛛科、跳蛛科和拟平腹蛛科共5科15种游猎型蜘蛛的听毛、听毛窝进行了观察和拍照,对听毛的形态、分布和数量以及听毛窝的形态等特征进行了比较和分析。结果表明:5科蜘蛛听毛在体视显微镜下形态多为丝状,纤细柔软,基部与体表几乎垂直着生;电镜下听毛及听毛窝形态可见明显差异;5科蜘蛛腿节均无听毛分布;听毛数量在各科间及种间均存在差异,狼蛛科和跳蛛科种间差异较小,管巢蛛科胫节种间差异较大,猫蛛科跗节种间差异较大。

Trichobothrium,an important sensory organ for spiders to detect air vibration is relatively stable in different groups with respect to its quantity and distribution,and its morphological characteristics can be used in some taxonomic work.In this research,15 species from 5 families(Clubionidae,Lycosidae,Oxyopidae,Salticidae and Zodariidae)were selected and examined by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to study the morphology of trichobothriums and their sockets.In addition,we also compared the number and distribution of trichobothriums,and morphology of the socket of trichobothriums.The results show that the trichobothriums of the observed spiders are mostly silky,slender and soft,and almost perpendicular to its body surface under the stereomicroscope,whereas the detail features of trichobothriums and their sockets are obviously different under the SEM.Trichobothriums are absent on the femur of the observed spiders,and its number and distribution is different among families and species.There are small differences in total number of trichobothriums between Lycosidae and Salticidae.Big differences in number of trichobothriums on tibia among species of Clubionidae,and on tarsi among species of Oxyopidae were observed.