新冠疫情引发的进口食品安全法制问题探究--基于SPS风险评估视角

Study on Legal Issues of Import Food Safety Raised by COVID-19--Based on the Perspective of SPS Risk Assessment

在国际经济全球化的趋势下,国际进出口食品贸易蓬勃发展,但同时进出口食品安全问题也日渐凸显。在此背景下,WTO于乌拉圭回合达成了《实施动植物卫生检疫措施协议》(以下简称为《SPS协议》),协议旨在保护WTO各成员国的进出口食品卫生安全。同时,为了防止成员国滥用《SPS协议》条款实施贸易壁垒,风险评估原则成为各成员国采取SPS措施的重要科学依据,也是WTO食品贸易争端中当事国争议的焦点,在协议条款中具有非常重要的地位。本文通过对《SPS协议》相关条文的解读,结合具体案例分析WTO争端解决机制如何适用风险评估原则,阐释《SPS协议》中风险评估原则的基本内容以及构成要素。总结各国在《SPS协议》视角下的风险评估立法模式和现实应用,分析我国目前进口食品安全保护存在的问题,并据此为我国进口食品安全立法和适用提出合理可行的建议。

Under the trend of international economic globalization, food import and export trade among countries is booming, but at the same time, the issue of food import and export safety is also becoming increasingly prominent. Against this background, the Uruguay Round reached "Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures"(hereinafter referred to as the "SPS Agreement"), which aims to protect the sanitary safety of imported and exported food in WTO member countries. At the same time, in order to prevent member countries from abusing the provisions of the SPS Agreement to implement trade barriers, the principle of risk assessment has become an important scientific basis for member countries to take SPS measures. The article analyzes the relevant provisions of the SPS Agreement, analyzes how the WTO dispute settlement mechanism applies the risk assessment principles, and explains the basic content and constituent elements of the risk assessment principles in the SPS Agreement. It summarizes the risk assessment legislative models and practical applications of countries from the perspective of the "SPS Agreement", analyzes the existing problems in the risk assessment field of imported food safety protection in China, and makes reasonable and feasible suggestions for the legislation and application of risk assessment in China.