精神分裂症与双相情感障碍患者认知功能受损特点研究

Characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder

目的探讨精神分裂症与双相情感障碍患者的认知功能受损特点。方法选取精神分裂症患者71例(观察组)和双相情感障碍患者52例(对照组),采用MATRICS共识认知成套测验(MCCB)测试认知功能,并进行视觉再生、数字符号、数字广度、威斯康星卡片分类测验、连线测试(A式、B式)等认知功能测试。结果观察组MCCB语言能力、操作能力总分及各因子分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组WCST中分类数和持续错误数、数字广度测试中倒背及数字符号测试评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),WCST中错误数高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论相比双相情感障碍患者,精神分裂症患者的认知功能受损更为严重,主要表现在患者的语言能力、操作能力、抽象思维能力、短时记忆力及注意力、新联想能力、精细操作能力等受损更为明显,临床诊断鉴别中需多给予关注。

Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.Methods 71 patients with schizophrenia(observation group)and 52 patients with bipolar affective disorder(control group)were selected and assessed with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB).Cognitive function tests such as visual regeneration,digit symbols,digit span,Wsiconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and Trail Making Test(A and B)were conducted.Results The factor scores of language competence and operation ability of MCCB,factor score of backwards digit span and digit symbols score of WCST in observation group were all significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The classification numbers and preservation errors of WCST in observation group were less than those in control group(P<0.05),and errors were more than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with bipolar affective disorder patients,the patients with schizophrenia have much more serious cognitive impairment,mainly manifested in the impairments of language competence,operation ability,abstract thinking ability,short-term memory and attention,new associative ability,fine operation ability and so on,which need more attentions paid in clinical diagnosis and differentiation.