历史视角下规则式造园到如画式风景园的范式转换

Paradigm Shift from the Formal Garden to the Landscape Garden from the Historical View

在传统理性审美的影响下,欧洲的造园实践一直采用规则式造园。在17至18世纪,英国诞生了一种新的造园形式--如画式风景园,对后世影响巨大。然而两种造园形式间没有明显的继承发展关系,他们间的关联是什么?库恩的范式理论提供了一种解答思路:他们是同一学科下两个不同的范式。文章以库恩的历史视角对两种造园形式的转变过程进行分析,并对库恩理论中有关范式的概念做了进一步的解释。

Under the influence of classical rationalism,the formal garden had long been dominating the practice of European gardening.Between the 17 th and 18 th century,in the England,a new form of garden appeared-the Landscape garden,which had a great influence on later generations.However,it seems that there is no connections between the formal garden and the landscape garden.What is the relationship between them?Tomas Kuhn’s Paradigm Theory might answered this question.They are two different paradigms under the same discipline.From the perspective of Kuhn’s historical view,this paper attempts to analyze the process of the gardening paradigm shifting,and further explains the conception of the paradigm in the theory of Kuhn.