晚期膀胱癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的研究进展

Advances in the Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors of Advanced Bladder Cancer

膀胱癌是泌尿男性生殖系统中常见的恶性肿瘤,在中国膀胱癌发病率和死亡率呈逐步上升趋势。近年来,晚期膀胱癌免疫治疗取得了重大进展,程序性死亡分子1(PD-1)、程序性死亡分子配体1(PD-L1)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)的免疫检查点已被证实不仅具有良好的抑制作用,而且能显著改善晚期膀胱癌患者的预后。PD-1、PD-L1和CTLA-4抑制剂主要通过阻断负向调控信号,进而恢复T细胞活性,从而增强T细胞的抗肿瘤免疫作用。免疫检查点抑制剂的免疫治疗为泌尿肿瘤的治疗开创了新篇章,特别是在晚期膀胱癌领域,取得了快速发展。免疫检查点抑制剂已经在晚期泌尿肿瘤中取得成功,并且在晚期膀胱癌的治疗中获批应用于临床治疗。本文就免疫检查点抑制剂的免疫治疗进展,在晚期膀胱癌中的应用及研究进行综述。

Bladder cancer is one of the common genitourinary malignancies and the incidence and mortality of bladder cancer are gradually increasing in Chian.In recent years,significant progress have been made in immunotherapy for advanced bladder cancer,especially for programmed death 1(PD-1),programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4(CTLA-4)immunological checkpoints,which have been shown to be not only well tolerated,but also significantly improve the prognosis of patients with advanced bladder cancer.The inhibitor of PD1,PD-L1 and CTLA-4 can block negative regulatory signals to restore antitumor T cell activity and enhance the anti-tumor immunity of T cells.Immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has opened a new chapter in the treatment of urinary tumors,especially in the field of advanced bladder cancer,and rapid development has been achieved.Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been successful in advanced urinary tumors,and are approved for clinical treatment in advanced bladder cancer.This paper reviews the progress of immunotherapy with immunocheckpoint inhibitors and their application and research in advanced bladder cancer.