中国古代司法职业伦理研究——从现实问题到历史镜鉴

Esearch on Judicial Professional Ethics in Ancient China --From Realistic Problems to Historical Mirrors

中国古代的司法职业伦理,主要表现为对司法职位和司法角色的伦理要求,既包括司法职位作为具体机构所要求的外在伦理维度,也包含从事司法工作作为特殊群体所要求的内在伦理维度。司法职位伦理体现于入仕选官、考核考课、司法回避以及司法责任等制度中,司法角色伦理则分别从伦理道德的原则性标准和具体行为标准对司法官吏作出要求,并对典型司法官员的个体角色伦理进行了渲染。以古代司法职业伦理为镜鉴,现代司法职业伦理需在有效区分司法职位伦理与司法角色伦理基础上,重视司法角色伦理的培养;加快司法权的“去行政化”,形成专门的司法职业意识;凸显司法职业伦理的“职业化”,明晰具体的适用界限;确保司法职业伦理具有实践性,表现出可操作性、约束性和有效性。

The ancient judicial professional ethics in China is mainly manifested in the ethical requirements for judicial positions and judicial roles,including not only the external ethical dimensions required by judicial positions as specific institutions,but also the internal ethical dimensions required by judicial work as a special group.The ethics of judicial position is embodied in the system of official selection,examination,judicial evasion and judicial responsibility.The ethics of judicial role requires judicial officials from the principle standard and specific behavior standard of ethics and morality respectively,and renders the ethics of individual role of typical judicial officials.Taking ancient judicial professional ethics as a mirror,modern judicial professional ethics needs to pay attention to the cultivation of judicial role ethics based on the effective distinction between judicial position ethics and judicial role ethics;speed up the“de-administration”of judicial power to form a special judicial professional consciousness;highlight the“professionalization”of judicial professional ethics to clarify the specific application boundaries;ensure that judicial professional ethics has practicality and shows operability,restraint and effectiveness.