正式语体和非正式语体的分野

Distinctions between formal style and informal style

不同的语体有不同的语法特性。在语体语法的研究当中,正式语体和非正式语体是两极清楚中间模糊的一对概念。正式语体和非正式语体到底有什么区别?这是很多研究者都希望搞清楚的问题。本文从文本形式特征的角度出发,抽绎出典型的正式语体文本和典型的非正式语体文本的属性特征,并对二者进行对比。研究表明,正式语体与非正式语体的区别表现在句子长度、语气情态、欧化程度、古今层次、熟语运用、零句与整句、儿化与后缀等语法层面,也表现在庄雅度、整合度、正式度和互动性等语用层面。

Different styles of parole have different grammatical characteristics. In the study of register grammar, formal style and informal style are a pair of concepts that are distinct at the two poles but intertwined in the middle. Researchers need to figure out the differences between formal style and informal style. From the perspective of external features of texts, we extract the features of the typical formal texts and the typical informal texts and compare them. We find that differences between them lie at the grammatical level and the pragmatic level. At the grammatical level, they vary in sentence length, modality, the degree of Europeanization, the use of classical elements, the use of idioms, the use of minor sentences and full sentences, as well as the use of r-clouring and suffixation;at the pragmatical level, there are features of elegance degree, integration degree, formality and interactivity.