竹山方言的被动表达

The passive expressions in Zhushan Dialect

竹山方言被动表达以"着"字句为主,基本格式是"受事+着+施事+V+了",变化出五种结构类型;"着"字句也可以说成"叫"字句或"让"字句,其"着"字语义并未完全虚化,还带有"叫/让"使役语义成分,佐证"着"字被动句一部分源于使役句。竹山方言被动表达与西南官话的四川、重庆以及中原官话的西安等方言的被动说法有很多共同性,揭示出近代以来各种被动标记句式的兴替叠存、竹山堵河水运及"秦巴古盐道"人群流动产生的语言接触和诗词曲小说文学媒介等因素共同影响了竹山方言的被动表达。

The passive in Zhushan dialect is mainly formed by using "zhuò(着)", and the basic pattern is "PATIENT+zhuò(着)+AGENT+V+le(了)", in which "zhuò(着)" can also be replace by "jiào(叫)" or "rànɡ(让)". In this sentence pattern, "zhuò(着)" is not completely grammaticalized, and it still expresses the meaning of causing, as denoted by "jiào(叫)" or "rànɡ(让)", which shows that the passive sentence of "zhuò(着)" in modern Chinese is partly originated from causative sentences. The passive in Zhushan dialect has much in common with the passive in Sichuan and Chongqing dialect of Southwest Mandarin and Xi’an dialect of Central Plains Mandarin, which reveals that the factors such as the rise and fall of various passive marker sentences, the language contact caused by the crowd movement of the waterway transportation of Du River(堵河)and "Qinba Ancient Salt Road"(秦巴古盐道), and the literary medium like poetry novels, etc. have jointly influenced the passive expression of Zhushan dialect.