儿童照顾的责任演变:女性、家庭、市场还是国家?

The Responsibility Evolution of Child Care:Women,Family,Market or Country?

随着二胎政策的全面放开,我国儿童照顾服务短缺问题日益凸显,对儿童照顾责任的划分成为焦点。从性别平等、公民权利及社会发展三个理论视角出发对新中国成立以来的儿童照顾政策梳理后发现,我国儿童照顾责任经历了与女性分离、家庭化和女性化、多元主体共同参与三个阶段,并相应地由城市中的集体单位和农村中的人民公社、家庭特别是家庭中的女性承担,2010年以后则呈现出多元主体协作的趋向,开始注重政府、市场、社区等相关主体提供的儿童照顾服务对家庭照顾的补充,建立以政府为主导,以家庭为主体,动员社会力量,依托社区资源,市场、社会组织等多元主体协作共同承担儿童照顾责任的照顾体系成为我国儿童照顾未来的发展趋势。

With the full liberalization of the two child policy,the shortage of child care services in China has become increasingly prominent,and the division of child care responsibility has become the focus.From three theoretical perspectives of gender equality,civil rights and social development,this paper analyzes the child care policies since the founding of new China,and finds that the responsibility of China's child care policies has gone through three stages:separation from women,domestication and feminization,and the participation of multiple subjects,and correspondingly from the collective units in the city and the people's communes and families in the countryside,especially the family Women take on the responsibility,but after 2010,there will be a trend of multi-agent cooperation.We will start to pay attention to the supplement of children care services provided by the government,market,community and other relevant subjects to family care,and establish a care system with the government as the leading role,family as the main body,mobilizing social forces,relying on community resources,market,social organizations and other multi-agent cooperation to jointly undertake the responsibility of children care Department has become the future development trend of children's care in China.