青少年体育锻炼习惯养成影响因素的模型构建与分析

Teenager physical exercise habit formation influencing factor model establishment and analysis

运用文献资料、德尔菲、层次分析、问卷调查等研究方法,以社会生态系统理论为依据,构建青少年体育锻炼习惯影响因素理论模型。运用二阶验证性因子分析对实测数据与理论模型的适配度进行验证,最终构建出由个人、家庭、学校与社会因素4个二级指标以及25个三级指标组成的青少年体育锻炼习惯养成影响因素结构模型。进一步分析发现,各因素对青少年体育锻炼习惯养成的影响存在着年龄和性别差异。其中,男生明显优于女生;年龄越小,受到个人、家庭因素的影响越明显;随着年龄的增长,受到社会因素的影响越明显;16~18岁年龄段受学校因素影响达到峰值,但随年龄增长逐步降低。由此提出依据年龄和性别影响因素作用特点的干预措施,以期促进青少年体育锻炼习惯的养成。

By using research methods such as literature survey,Delphi method,level analysis and questionnaire survey,based on the social ecological system theory as the basis,the authors established a teenager physical exercise habit influencing factor theoretical model.The authors verified the degree of adaptation of the measured data and the theoretical model by applying second order confirmatory factor analysis,and ultimately established a teenager physical exercise habit influencing factor structural model consisting of such 4 level 2 indexes as individual,family,school and social factors,and 25 level 3 indexes.Through further analysis,the authors found that various factors’influence on teenager physical exercise habit formation had age and gender differences.In which,boy students were obviously better than girl students;the younger the age,the more obvious the influence of individual and family factors;as the age grew,the influence of social factors became more obvious;at the ages of 16-18,the influence of family factors reached the peak,but gradually decreased as the age grew.Therefore,the authors put forward intervention measures suggested according to the working characteristics of age and gender influencing factors,hoping to promote teenager physical exercise habit formation.