长航时无人机关键技术研究进展

A review of key technologies for long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle

为研究长航时无人机发展趋势及面临的技术难题,对长航时无人机的发展现状及关键技术进行了分析与总结.长航时无人机留空时间长,作业覆盖区域广,在高空巡航作业时受天气和大气上下对流的影响小,具备广阔的应用前景.首先以常规动力和新能源动力分类,总结了当前国内外长航时无人机的主要型号,回顾了长航时无人机的发展历程.然后,根据长航时无人机高升力、高升阻比和缓失速气动需求,复合材料大展弦比机翼大柔性特征以及长航时无人机任务环境复杂等特点,总结了长航时无人机发展过程中亟需解决的关键技术难题,包括高效气动综合设计技术、大展弦比机翼气动弹性分析和主动控制技术、复合材料气动弹性剪裁技术、柔性飞行动力学建模和控制技术以及无人机自主导航技术等.最后,结合国外长航时无人机的发展特点,提出了我国长航时无人机的发展建议.研究表明:常规动力中空长航时无人机得到了比较广泛的应用,但新能源动力长航时无人机多数还处于研究样机研制阶段.续航时间在一周以上的"超长航时"无人机技术成为各航空强国关注的焦点.长航时无人机系统的智能化、协同化和网络安全是未来发展的主要方向.

To investigate the development trends and challenges of long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),the research status of key technologies were analyzed and summarized.Long-endurance UAV has extensive application prospects because of its characteristics of high flight height,long operation time,and wide operation coverage.First,the representative long-endurance UAVs in the world were classified based on conventional power and new energy power,and the development history of long-endurance UAV was reviewed.Based on the demand of high lift,high lift-drag ratio,and moderate stall aerodynamic characteristics of long-endurance UAV,the large flexibility of high-aspect-ratio composite wing,and the complex mission environment of long-endurance UAV,the key technologies were analyzed,including high efficiency aerodynamic integrated design technology,aeroelastic analysis of high-aspect-ratio wing and active control technology,aeroelastic tailoring technology,flexible flight dynamics modeling and control technology,and autonomous navigation technology,etc.Finally,combined with the development situations of foreign long-endurance UAV,suggestions for the development of long-endurance UAV in China were put forward.Research shows that the conventional power long-endurance UAV has been widely used,while the new energy power long-endurance UAV is still in the prototype development stage.Technologies applied on the ultra-long-endurance UAV which has a duration of more than a week have become the focus of attention.The intelligence,collaboration,and network security of long-endurance UAV systems will be the main development directions in the future.