从准公共产品市场化条件看共享单车发展困境

Viewing the Dilemma of Sharing Bicycle Development from the Marketization Conditions of Quasi-Public Goods

共享单车发挥着“最后一公里”的公共交通功能,但其由私人资本投资,进行市场化运作,兼具公共产品和私人产品的特性,属于准公共产品的市场化运营。目前共享单车所面临的发展困境,从准公共产品市场化角度分析,其实是因为不具备准公共产品市场化的条件,亦即政府和市场两方面的积极因素缺失所致。因此,共享单车要走出困境,实现可持续化的长期经营,一方面需要政府转变观念,提高对共享单车的公共管理和服务水平;另一方面需要企业解决盈利模式这一准公共产品市场化的根本性问题。

Sharing bicycles play the role of“the last kilometer”of public transport,but they are invested by private capital and operated in the market.They have the characteristics of both public and private products,and belong to the marketization operation of quasi-public products.At present,the development dilemma of sharing bicycle,analyzing from the perspective of quasi-public product marketization,is actually due to the lack of conditions for quasi-public product marketization,that is,the absence of positive factors in both government and market.Therefore,in order to get rid of the predicament and achieve sustainable long-term operation,on the one hand,the government needs to change its concept and improve the level of public management and service for sharing bicycles;on the other hand,enterprises need to solve the problem of profit model,which is the fundamental problem of marketization of quasi-public goods.