论贝克特的《自由》

On Beckett’s Eleuthéria

萨缪尔·贝克特的第一部完整剧作《自由》并不是一部成熟的作品,但它仍然具有研究价值。该剧提示了贝克特作为一位剧作家在两个方向上的定位:一是在过去的方向上,他曾经如何处理与既存的戏剧形式之间的关系;一是在未来的方向上,他又是如何摆脱这些既存的形式限制而获得他的独特性的。写作这部剧时,贝克特还没有探索出属于他自己的戏剧道路,《自由》的主题是存在主义的,剧场形式是先锋派的,但它们的杂糅的结合却失败了。

Eleuthéria is Samuel Beckett’s first completed play.It is not successful but still worthy of exploring.This play reveals to us the traces that how Beckett tried to transform himself into a true playwright,both in the respect of experiences and in that of lessons:on the one hand,he attempted to keep in accordance with the given dramatic and theatrical conventions;and on the other,he began to experiment with the way to shackle off the limitations set by these conventions.Eleuthéria failed in combining the existentialist subject with the techniques appropriated from the French Avant-garde and so it did not yet make Beckett the author who had his own characteristics.