中国社会学的人文转向——以费孝通“扩展学科界限”思想为基础

Toward a Humanistic Turn in Chinese Sociology--Based on Fei Xiaotong’s Thought About Expanding the Disciplinary Boundary

反思中国社会学自1979年以来的重建问题以及学科发展方向问题,无法避开费孝通晚年提出的"扩展学科界限"思想,而若不对其中费孝通提到的"人文性"进行相对系统的思考,就无法真正理解费孝通的"扩展学科界限"思想,以及中国社会学的当下人文转向。他的思考路径在经由"社会"到"人"到"心"的结构性转换中,进一步转向更具主体形象的"我"之中,从对"我"的讨论中,最能看到费孝通的人文转向的彻底性和革命性。在回归对人的关注层面,费孝通回到了人的主体性的最深层面,表现在他的立足点是"我"。其中"讲不出来的我"尤为凸显了社会学中的人之主体形象的复杂性,需要社会学在方法上的更新和开拓。费孝通事实上是将社会学转向了历史和文化的维度,宗旨是推进、加强社会学这一学科对"文化反思"和"文化自觉"的理论贡献,从而修订、重建中国社会学的学科范式。而社会学"人文性"扩展的"度",可以是更加广阔的,但扩展的"界限"在哪里,还是一个需要不断摸索的实践问题。

Reflecting on the reconstruction of sociology in China since 1979 and the direction of disciplinary development,it was impossible without considering the expansion of the disciplinary boundary proposed by Fei Xiaotong in his later years.And,if we dont think about the humanity systematically which was mentioned by Fei Xiaotong,it will be impossible to really understand his thought of expanding the boundary of discipline and the current humanistic turn of sociology in China.His thinking path was in the structural transformation from society to people to heart,and further turned to the more subjective self.From the discussion of self,we can better understand the thoroughness and revolutionary significance of Fei Xiaotong’s humanistic turn.Returning to the level of concerning for human beings,he went to the deepest level of human subjectivity,which was manifested in the subjective image of self.Among them,the unspeakable self highlights the complexity of the image of people in sociology,which needed the update and further development of sociological methods.In fact,Fei Xiaotong turned sociology to the dimension of history and culture,aiming to promote and strengthen the theoretical contribution of sociology to the cultural reflection and cultural consciousness,so as to revise and reconstruct the disciplinary paradigm of sociology in China.The extent of the expansion of humanity in sociology could be broader,but the boundary of such expansion was still a problem which needed to be explored constantly in practice.