卵巢癌临床前模型:从细胞系到类器官体

Pre-clinical model of ovarian cancer:From cell lines to organoids

卵巢癌作为妇科三大恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着女性的生命健康。因其早期临床症状隐匿,往往在晚期甚至已经转移才被诊断出来。所以卵巢癌的总生存率一直不是很理想,寻找和开发新的治疗方案一直是卵巢癌的研究重点。在此过程中,准确模拟体内肿瘤生物学特征的临床前模型是必不可少的。细胞系因其培养简单,可大规模生产等优点,曾经是卵巢癌临床前研究的金标准。之后由于精准医学强调患者衍生材料的重要性,患者来源的异体移植模型(PDX)逐渐受到大家的重视。随后又出现了三维结构的球状体和更加能体现肿瘤异质性的类器官体。类器官体是利用干细胞直接诱导生成的三维组织模型,为人类生物学研究提供了新的方法,此项研究正在不断发展进步中。类器官体可以被应用到卵巢肿瘤的基因分析和药物筛选等各方面研究,为卵巢癌临床前研究提供了一个新的平台。

Ovarian cancer is one of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology,which seriously threatens women’s life and health.Because its early clinical symptoms are hidden,it is often diagnosed in the late stage or even metastasis.Therefore,the overall survival rate of ovarian cancer has not been ideal,so the search and development of new treatment has been the focus of ovarian cancer research.Preclinical models that accurately simulate the biological characteristics of tumors in vivo are essential in this process.Because of its simple culture and large-scale production,cell lines have been the gold standard for preclinical research of ovarian cancer.Since precise medicine emphasizes the importance of patient-derived materials,patient-derived allograft models(PDX)have been paid more and more attention.Subsequently,three-dimensional spheroid and orgaoid which can reflect the heterogeneity of tumors better appeared.Organoid is a three-dimensional tissue model directly induced by stem cells,which provides a new method for human biology research.This research is progressing continuously.Organoid can be applied to gene analysis and drug screening of ovarian tumors,providing a new platform for preclinical research of ovarian cancer.