美国人工智能战略新动向及其全球影响

New Trends in U.S.Artificial Intelligence Strategy and Its Global Impact

鉴于人工智能发展所带来的一系列机遇与挑战,特朗普政府对于人工智能的重视程度不断攀升,并从战略定位、体系架构、财政投入与对外政策四个方面对美国的人工智能战略做出了新调整。实际上,美国在高新技术方面的垄断地位是其维系全球霸权的重要基础。特朗普政府在人工智能领域所实施的一系列政策调整,目的就在于确保美国在人工智能领域的绝对领先优势。总体上,特朗普政府的人工智能战略呈现以"美国优先"为由的科技民族主义趋向、基于"绝对安全观"的技术战略扩张趋向以及威慑与遏制并行的现实主义趋向。鉴于美国的科技实力和全球影响力,特朗普政府推行的人工智能战略将使人工智能领域的国际合作受到较大制约,军备竞赛和地缘政治冲突将随之加剧,"科技脱钩"与治理缺失的风险也将不断凸显。作为人工智能技术发展和应用大国,中国应在保持战略清醒和定力的前提下,处理好发展与安全、合作与竞争之间的关系,在掌握发展主动权的基础上推动人工智能技术的健康、可持续发展。

In view of the opportunities and challenges brought by the development of artificial intelligence(AI),the Trump administration has put increasing emphasis on AI,and adjusted U.S.national strategy of AI development from four aspects,namely,strategic positioning,system architecture,financial investment and foreign policy.In fact,the U.S.monopoly on innovative and high technology is an important foundation for maintaining its global hegemony.A series of policy adjustments implemented by the Trump administration are aimed to ensure the U.S.supremacy in the field of AI.In the Trump administration’s AI strategy in general,there is the trend of technological nationalism based on"America First"doctrine,technological strategic expansion based on the concept of"absolute security",and realism featuring deterrence and containment.The AI strategy pursued by the Trump administration will severely restrict international cooperation,and intensify militarization of AI,arms race and geopolitical conflict.Maintaining both strategic soberness and strategic determination,China should handle well the development-security and the cooperation-competition relationships,and take the initiative in promoting the healthy and sustainable development of AI.