刑事证据审查体系的层阶化再造——以规范要素的系统性整合为基点

Hierarchical Reconstruction of Criminal Evidence Review System--On the Basis of Systematic Integration of Normative Elements

精密化司法下,趋于理想的认知目标不仅使得认知重心长期在前,同时还阻绝了全新认知场域形成的必要环境,由此便增加了错案发生的几率。在"以审判为中心"的顶层设计理念提出后,开辟新的认知场域成为可能,但对现有规范加以审视后发现,其非但未能以一种合理的理论编排使之串联成一套以实践为面向的证据审查体系,反而存在"误导"倾向。在经由实践至规范再到理论的反思与检审后,能够清楚地察知,实践在对规范的演绎中发生了某些根本性的背离,并因其间所产生的不当联结而加剧了要素自身的"负外部性"。究其根本,是构成证据审查基本理论框架的内容、对象及手段项下均未被嵌入适格的规范要素。因此,科学、有序且以实践为面向的证据审查规范体系便须在要素理论予以悉数廓清的前提下实施再造。

Under the precision judicial system,the ideal cognitive goal not only keeps the cognitive core ahead for a long time,but also blocks the necessary environment for the formation of a new cognitive field,which increases the probability of occurrence of misjudgments.After putting forward the idea of"trial-centered"top-level design,it is possible to open up a new cognitive field.However,after reviewing the existing norms,we find that they are not only unable to arrange them in series with a reasonable theory to become a practice-oriented evidence review system,but also tend to be"misleading".After the reflection and examination from practice to norm and then to theory,it can be clearly perceived that practice has deviated fundamentally from the deduction of norms,and the improper connection between them has aggravated the negative externalities of elements themselves.The fundamental reason is that the content,object and means which constitute the basic theoretical framework of evidence review are not embedded in normative elements.Thus,a scientific,orderly and practice-oriented normative system of evidence review must be reconstructed on the premise that all elements of theory have been cleared up.