辩证认识资本的文明作用及当代价值

Dialectical Understanding of the Civilized Role of Capital and Its Contemporary Value

如何正确对待资本是新时代推进改革开放一个重大理论与实践问题.马克思建构了超越斯密的科学方法论,实现了对资本文明的辩证分析.马克思历史地肯定了资本的文明作用,亦批判了资本主义资本文明的局限性.马克思阐述了资本文明的四大张力,揭露和批判了资本文明的四个局限.马克思对资本文明的辩证批判为我国如何正确对待作为社会主义生产要素的资本提供了科学方法论.资本、资本家与资本主义虽为家族相似的概念,但资本不等于资本主义.必须立足中国特色社会主义基本国情,坚持人类文明进步历史辩证法,批判两种错误倾向.既要在社会主义初级阶段利用好资本的张力,激发资本与市场活力,创新中国特色社会主义新形态,同时又要通过制度、法律、政策规范与价值导向,限制其局限性.

How to properly deal with capital is an important theoretical and practical issue in the new era.To address this issue,Marx constructed the scientific methodology beyond Smith,thus realizing the dialectical analysis of capital civilization.In other words,Marx affirmed the civilized function of capital on one hand and criticized the limitations of capital civilization on the other.To be more specific,he expounded four tensions of capital civilization,revealed and criticized its four limitations.His dialectical criticism,therefore,provides a scientific methodology for how to properly treat capital as a factor of socialist production.Capital,capitalist and capitalism are similar concepts sharing family resemblance,but capital is not equal to capitalism.Two wrong tendencies should be criticized based on China’s basic national conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics and adherence to the historical dialectics of human civilization and progress.At the primary stage of socialism,we should take full advantage of the tension of capital so as to stimulate the vitality of capital and market,thus making an innovation on the new form of socialism with Chinese characteristics.At the same time,we should transcend its limitations through system,law,policy norms and value orientation.