自然保护地环境教育实践与研究现状

Practices and Research on Environmental Education in Protected Areas in China

环境教育是多学科融合的激发人们环境保护意识、培养正确环境价值观的教育。国际上自然保护地环境教育研究主要集中在环境教育内容和形式、环境教育效果评价及其影响因素分析、环境教育监测和法律体系完善等领域。在实践方面,环境教育内容和形式不断丰富,出现相对多样化的环境教育模式和较为健全的环境教育评价与法治管理体系。典型的有美国黄石公园设置的少年巡逻员岗位项目、英国的野外环境教育培训基地和日本的生态自然体验露营地等。我国自然保护地环境教育研究关注了国外相关理论与实践,侧重于从宏观层面对我国环境教育提出原则性、策略性的建议等。文中在分析国际自然保护地环境教育研究与实践的基础上,结合我国自然保护地环境教育现状及存在的问题,提出了完善环境教育内容和形式、建立健全环境教育评价和法律体系等发展建议。

Environmental education is a multidisciplinary education that increases people’s awareness of environmental protection and cultivates the correct environmental values.The international research on the environmental education in nature reserve mainly put the focuses on the content and form of environmental education,the evaluation of environmental education effects and analysis of its influencing factors,environmental education monitoring and legal system improvement.In practice,the content and form of environmental education have been continuously enriched,with a relatively diverse environmental education model and a rather sound environmental education evaluation and the rule of law management system.Typical examples include the juvenile patrol posts project in the Yellowstone National Park,the field environmental education and training base in the UK,and the Japan’s eco-natural experience campsites.Compared with international practices,the research on the environmental education in nature reserves in China primarily is more focused on the principles and strategies suggestions from the macro level based on the introduction of the international theories and practices.Based on the analysis of international environmental education research and practices in nature reserves,the paper puts forward suggestions for improving the content and form of environmental education and establishing a sound environmental education evaluation framework and legal system in view of solving the current problems found in the environmental education in nature reserves in China.