肱二头肌额外头变异的探讨

Study on the Variation of Extra-head of Biceps Brachii Muscle

目的:探讨肱二头肌额外头变异现象对人体科学、临床外科学、中医腧穴学等的影响与意义。方法:解剖42具男尸、22具女尸的双上肢肱二头肌,观察该肌肉的起点额外头发生率,测量额外头、长头的长度、额外头起点至肌肉止点之间的长度(A值)、额外头起点至长头起点的长度(B值)等数值,并分别比较A值与B值的比值、B值与肌肉全长(A+B值)比值之间的关系。结果:国人的肱二头肌变异主要是起始端出现第三个头(额外头),且全为男性,发生机率为9.52%,女性尚未发现有此变异;A/B值、B/(A+B)值均近似黄金分割率(0.618)。结论:肱二头肌额外头变异是以黄金分割的关系出现,符合该肌肉的力学工程学要求,以进一步加强肌肉的屈肘功能,属于进化发展的结果;臂部手术时需注意该额外头肌组织、血管及神经,避免因损伤而产生功能障碍。

Objective:To explore the influence and significance of the variation of extra-head of Biceps Brachii on human science,clinical surgery and acupoints of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Methods:The Biceps Brachii Muscles of both upper limbs in 42 male and 22 female cadavers had been dissected.The incidence of extra-head of the muscle was observed and the length of the extra head,the long head,the length between the extra head starting point and the muscle ending point(A value),the length between the extra-head starting point and the long head starting point(B value)were measured.The relationship between the ratio of A value to B value and the ratio of B value to total muscle length(A+B value)were also compared.Results:The variation of Biceps Brachii Muscle in Chinese is mainly the third head(extrahead)at the beginning,and all of them are males.The occurrence rate is about 9.52%.Females have not been found this variation yet.A/B value and B/(A+B)value are similar to the golden section rate(0.618).Conclusion:The variation of the extra-head of Biceps Brachii is based on the golden section,which meets the requirements of mechanical engineering of biceps brachii and further enhances the elbow flexion function of muscles.It belongs to the result of evolutionary development.During arm surgery,more attentions should be paid to the extra cephalic muscle tissue,blood vessels and nerves to avoid injury and dysfunction.The extra-head variation can affect acupoint sensitization in the treatment of Acupoint Moxibustion at Chize and Quze points,and can affect the therapeutic effects.