农业保险助推乡村振兴战略实施的制度约束与改革

Agricultural Insurance Promoting Rural Revitalization Strategy:Institutional Constraints and Reform

《乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)》把农业保险列为实施乡村振兴战略的"农业支持保护制度",为农业保险发展提供了重要机遇。但目前,我国农业保险在制度层面对接乡村振兴战略提出的更高发展要求还存在差距,法律法规尚不完善;管理体系还不健全;政策目标还不明确;财政补贴制度有待优化;农业保险产品不合需求;市场竞争规则尚未建立;风险保障作用未能充分发挥;大灾风险分散制度仍不健全。基于此,本文提出对接乡村振兴战略要求的农业保险制度改革建议,完善农业保险法律法规;健全农业保险管理体系;明确农业保险政策目标;优化农业保险补贴制度;设计多元化农险产品体系;制定农业保险市场竞争规则;完善农业保险大灾风险分散机制。

The Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan(2018-2022)lists the agricultural insurance as an agricultural support and protection system to implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy,which provides an important platform and many opportunities for the development of agricultural insurance.However,there are still some problems in China’s agricultural insurance system and there exists a gap between the higher development requirements of the Rural Revitalization Strategy and the present situation of the agricultural insurance system,for example,the laws and regulations are not perfect,the management system is not sound,the policy objectives and development plans are not clear,the financial subsidy system needs to be optimized,the insurance products and operating rules are unrealistic,the market competition rules have not yet been established,the agricultural insurance is not functioning adequately,and the catastrophe risk dispersion system is still not perfect,etc.On this basis,thispaper puts forward some suggestions on the reform of agricultural insurance system to meet the requirements of the rural revitalization strategy.Thispapersuggeststo perfect the laws and regulations of agricultural insurance,set up the management system of agricultural insurance,formulate policy objectives and development plans for agricultural insurance,optimize the subsidy system of agricultural insurance,build a diversified agricultural insurance product system,clear market competition rules and to construct the catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism of the agricultural insurance.