德国法上的土地征收程序及中国镜鉴

Land Expropriation Procedures in Germany and Implications for China

德国《建筑法典》构建了完整的土地征收程序,对于征收机关、征收申请的提出、参加人、程序的启动、征收机关的决议及其执行以及其他程序作出了详细规定。整个征收程序细致考量各方利益,兼顾程序的高效运行,并给被征收人提供充分的司法保护,堪称完善,值得我国借鉴。我国的土地征收程序立法宜在以下方面予以完善:确立言辞辩论程序,保障利益相关者的参与权;明确程序启动时点;区分征收的决定与执行;认可由征收机关主持达成的征收协议具有征收决定的效力;明确征收决定等行政行为可受司法审查。

The German Building Code establishes the complete procedures for land expropriation,lays down the rules on expropriation authority,the application for expropriation,parties involved,beginning of the procedure,resolution on expropriation,execution of the resolution,and other procedures.All the procedures consider the different interests and the efficiency,provide enough judicial remedies,are commendable.Our legislature should establish the hearing procedure to safeguard the right of the involved to participate,make the date of the beginning of the procedure clear,differentiate between the resolution on expropriation and its execution,approve the validity of the agreement achieved under charge of the expropriation authority as resolution on expropriation,and lastly put the resolution on expropriation and other administrative acts under judicial review.