清宫编钟制作考

A Review of Musical Instrument Chime’s Process in The Qing Court

编钟是清宫规制最高之礼乐--中和韶乐的重器,是天地尊神和帝后至尊身份的象征。没有编钟等乐器,则清宫典礼无所附丽而成其礼。为了谋求礼制完备和统治的合法性,满族入关建立的清朝,在承袭明朝宫廷礼乐及乐器的基础上,康熙和乾隆祖孙更不惜重金改制和添制了大量形制不一的编钟,最终做到各坛庙宫殿专属专用。本文通过细致爬梳清会典、实录以及造办处档案等,将文献与现存编钟实物相互印证,考察了有清一代宫廷编钟制作的过程及其背后的统治观念。

The thesis proceeds the process of chimes in type and function and its embodiment of the political idea of the Qing court from the historical literature and extant objects. Chimes, a set of bells, is a kind of Chinese traditional musical instrument to play ‘Moderate Harmony Elegant Music’(Zhōnghé Sháoyuè in Chinese pinyin) at the royal ceremonies, court banquets, which represents the highest solemnity of sacrificial rites as the symbol of both the Gods and Goddesses of heaven and earth, and the supreme of emperor and empress as well. When the Qing dynasty entered, Emperors Kangx(康熙)and Qianlong (乾隆) inherited the Ming court music and instruments. On the other hand, they ordered to innovate and add types of chimes more to meet the special demands of any temples and palaces well.