盾构穿越临近地下挡土结构土压力及沉降影响模型试验

Model tests on earth pressure and settlement of shield tunnel crossing adjacent underground retaining structures

为了探讨盾构隧道穿越临近地下挡土结构时对挡土结构土压力和地表沉降的影响,自制了试验装置,采用活动门下沉模拟隧道地层损失,分别考虑隧道埋深与宽度比、隧道埋深与侧限宽度比、隧道埋深与距离比,进行了15组模型试验。利用挡土板上的18块悬臂式载荷计测得挡土结构土压力。利用粒子图像测速技术,获取地表沉降曲线,得到侧限条件下挡土结构土压力和地表沉降的影响规律。结果表明:盾构穿越临近地下挡土结构时,挡土墙底部土压力急剧减小,一定高度处土压力出现反转。隧道埋深与宽度比越小,底部土压力减小值变大,转折点提高,地表最大沉降增大;隧道埋深与侧限宽度比越大,土压力减小的范围越大,地表最大沉降越大;隧道埋深与距离比越大,对挡土结构土压力影响越大,地表最大沉降也越大。引入地表沉降最大值修正系数C1和沉降槽修正系数C2,建立了C1,C2的计算式,得到修正的Peck沉降预测公式,结果与模型试验实测值较为吻合。

To study the influences on the earth pressure and ground settlement when the shield tunnel passes through the adjacent underground retaining structures, a self-designed test device is developed, and 15 model tests are carried out taking into account the ratios of tunnel depth to width, side limit width and excavation distance. In the tests, the stratum loss is simulated using the trapdoor settlement. The earth pressures of retaining structures are measured using 18 cantilever load gauges. The particle image velocimetry technique is used to measure the surface settlement. The variations of earth pressure and distribution of surface settlement during excavation under lateral confinement conditions are analyzed. The results show that the earth pressure at the bottom of retaining wall decreases sharply and then increases at a turning point with a certain height when the shield tunnel passes through the adjacent underground retaining structures. The smaller the ratio of depth to width of tunnel, the larger the decrement of the earth pressure at the bottom and the higher the turning point, and the larger the maximum displacement of surface settlement. The larger the ratio of tunnel depth to lateral limit width, the larger the reduction range of earth pressure, and the larger the maximum ground settlement. The greater the ratio of tunnel depth to distance, the greater the influences on earth pressure of retaining structures, and the greater the maximum ground settlement. Two correction coefficients, the maximum surface subsidence C1 and the correction coefficient of settlement trough C2, are introduced, and the Peck’s settlement prediction equation is modified. The predictions show good agreement with the measured values of model tests.