云象、望气、矿藏:“金马碧鸡”传说的生成过程

Cloud Patterns, Supernatural Meteorology and Mineral Resources: The Formation Process of The Legend of “Golden Horse and Green Rooster”

"金马碧鸡"是我国西南地区重要的地方传说。关于"金马碧鸡"传说的由来,以往研究者提出的自然现象说、矿产说虽有合理之处,但忽略了地理环境和西汉社会动因对该传说的塑造作用,未能解析这一传说的形成轨迹。笔者从多维贯通的视角出发,研究认为:云南大姚一带山区的云象奇观和丰富的铜、碧矿藏资源是该传说生成的基础,在西汉"崇祥重祀"的社会背景下,望气之术则成为贯通二者的思想纽带,并将之解释为一种"金碧其质、鸡马其形",代表金玉之气的祥瑞吉兆。

"Golden Horse and Green Rooster"(金马碧鸡)is an important local legend in Southwest China. Many researchers had discussed its origin. Some scholars tried to analyze it by natural phenomena theory and mineral theory. It was reasonable to a centain extent, but it ignored geographical environment and social factors which had also played an role in the course of shaping the legend. This paper bases the research on a multi-dimensional and consistent views and draws conclusions. The spectacular clouds and the abundant mineral resources of copper and azurite in the mountains around Dayao, Yunnan Province may be the basic conditions that to produce the legend. Under the social background of"advocating auspicious signs"in the western Han dynasty, the supernatural meteorology(望气之术)served as the bond for the thought, connecting previous two thoughts and further explained it as a propitious sign. With the texture of "jade and gold and shape of rooster and horse", it stood for Qi of jade and gold.