从[f]声母缺失看陕南镇坪移民

The Research on the Source of Zhenping Immigrants of South Shaanxi from the Absence of Initial[f]

陕南镇坪话属西南官话,但具体所属,尚无定论。本文通过镇坪方言[f]声母缺失,追根溯源,证明镇坪移民有可能来自湖北应山,而非学界所认为的黄州和麻城。黄州和麻城话都有声母[f]和[■],镇坪话没有。而早前移民到黄州和麻城的江西人,他们的方言也包含[f]声母,可证明黄州和麻城并非镇坪移民。两地县志载明成化年间大批应山人曾逃难至荆襄,而当时政府正引导荆襄民众移民至镇坪,开荒种地,进一步证明镇坪移民可能来自湖北应山。

Zhenping dialect belongs to southwest mandarin, but which district it belongs to has no final conclusion. From the absence of initial[f]in Zhenping dialect, this article proves that Zhenping immigrants were more likely from Yingshan instead of Huangzhou and Macheng in Hubei Province. Both Huangzhou and Macheng dialects have initials[f]and[■], which are absent in Zhenping dialect. The people who immigrated to Huangzhou and Macheng were from Jiangxi whose dialect also includes initial[f]. This could further prove that Zhenping immigrants were not from Huangzhou and Macheng. According to County annals, during the years of Chenghua in Ming dynasty, large amount of Yingshan people ever fled to Jingxiang.At the same time, the government were organizing people over there to immigrate to Zhenping to open up wasteland for cultivation, which further proves that Zhenping immigrants more likely came from Yingshan in Hubei Province.