运动与自然杀伤细胞抗病毒等功能的关系和机制

The Relationship and Underlying Mechanism Between Exercise and Functions of NK Cells

运动对免疫系统的功能具有深远的影响。一般认为,长时间的剧烈运动可降低免疫力,而定期进行中等强度的运动则对免疫功能有益。在多种免疫细胞中,目前发现NK细胞是对运动最为敏感的细胞,在运动过程中表现出可重复的急性动员。由于NK细胞在病毒的杀伤、炎症因子的清除、抗肿瘤免疫监视中发挥着重要作用,因此本文首先从运动时间依赖性、强度依赖性、类型和模式依赖性方面介绍运动对NK细胞数量和活性的影响,并探讨运动对NK细胞的影响机制,其次介绍NK细胞激活后对病毒、炎症、肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病的作用及机制。根据这些研究结果,得出结论:1)在运动过程中,运动持续时间对NK细胞的作用遵循一定的规律,而运动强度对NK细胞具有决定性作用,运动形式则有着一定的影响。2)运动对NK细胞影响的机制涉及神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统。3)NK细胞对病毒、炎症、肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病的杀伤性体现出了独特的价值,并开发了许多基于NK细胞的免疫疗法,例如NK细胞体外扩增与活化、NK细胞的基因修饰、过继性转移等疗法。

Exercise has a profound effect on the function of the immune system.It is generally believed that prolonged strenuous exercise reduces immunity,while regular moderate-intensity exercise is beneficial to immune function.Among a variety of immune cells,NK cells are currently found to be the most sensitive cells to exercise and show repeatable acute mobilization during exercise.Because of the importance of NK cells in virus killing,inflammatory factor clearance,and anti-tumor immune surveillance,here we first introduce the effects and underlying mechanisms of different exercise time,intensity,type and pattern on the number and activity of NK cells.Furthermore,we review the downstream effects and mechanisms of NK cells on viruses,inflammation,tumors and autoimmune diseases.With these studies,we draw conclusions:1)During exercise,the effect of exercise duration on NK cells follows a certain law,while exercise intensity has a decisive effect on NK cells,and the form of exercise has a certain effect.2)The underlying mechanism involves the nervous system,endocrine system,and immune system.3)The lethality of NK cells to viruses,inflammation,tumors,and autoimmune diseases shows unique value,and many NK cell-based immunotherapies have been developed,such as NK cell expansion and activation in vitro,NK cell genetic modification,adoptive transfer and other therapies.