孕期体育活动健康促进研究进展

Research Progress of Health Promotion of Sports Activities in Pregnancy

运动作为一种健康促进手段,能够有效提高母婴健康水平。对国内外孕期体育活动的历史发展进行梳理与总结,发现孕期女性体育活动经历了被限制、被承认,到被强烈推荐的发展历程。通过分析孕期体育活动对母婴多方面健康的影响,发现适度的体育活动可降低母体妊娠期体重的过度增加和妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压和先兆子痫的风险,可减少剖宫产的风险和增加自然分娩的可能性,不会增加新生儿的风险,但长时间剧烈运动带来的潜在风险不能忽视,需要对风险和锻炼的积极效果收益之间的利弊进行更好的权衡。在此基础上提供了孕期运动处方的建议以及健康促进途径的升级优化策略,建议应多加强实证研究,以掌握孕期体育活动的剂量反应效应,尽早建立我国孕期女性运动处方库,并针对孕期女性不同孕周期的特点,创新更科学、可行的研究方法及研究工具或技术。

As a means of health promotion,sports can effectively improve the health level of mothers and infants.This paper analyzes and summarizes the historical development of pregnancy sports at home and abroad,and finds that the development of pregnancy women’s sports has experienced from being limited to being recognized to being strongly recommended.By analyzing the influence of physical activity during pregnancy on the health of mother and infant in many aspects,it is found that moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of excessive weight increase during pregnancy,gestational diabetes,pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia,reduce the risk of cesarean section and increase the possibility of natural delivery,not increase the risk of newborn.However,the potential risk of long-term intensive exercise cannot be ignored and there is a need to better balance the advantages and disadvantages between risk and the positive effect of exercise.On this basis,this paper provides suggestions on the sports prescription during pregnancy and the upgrading and optimization strategies of health promotion approaches,and puts forward suggestions for research that should strengthen empirical research to master the dose-response effect of sports activities during pregnancy,and establish the Chinese women’s sports prescription library as early as possible,carry out more accurate research according to the characteristics of different pregnancy cycles of pregnant women,innovate and improve the science study and feasible research methods and research tools or technologies.