技术创新分类述评——兼论技术创新分类的一个新视角

A Review of the Classification of Technological Innovation --A New Perspective on the Classification of Technological Innovation

创新和创新性术语的模糊性及研究视角的差异导致了创新类型的多样化,且各自的内涵和外延也不一致。创新的研究维度不但包括宏观、微观视角,而且包括技术、市场、产业、产品等维度。根据六维度方法可以将创新分为激进式创新、边际技术创新、融合技术创新和市场创新等四个大类及十个小类,且具有明显的连续性特征和完整的创新过程。清晰的技术创新过程解决了创新类型不统一的问题,为进一步研究提供了参考标准和基础,描绘了创新的路线图,凸显了渐进式创新的重要性,对中国科技发展具有重要的指导作用。

The diversity of innovation types is caused by the difference of research perspectives, and the fuzziness of innovation and innovative terminology whose respective connotation and denotation are inconsistent. The research dimension of innovation includes not only macro and micro perspectives, but also technology, market, industry, and product. According to the six-dimension method, innovation can be divided into four major categories, such as radical innovation, marginal technological innovation, integration technological innovation and market innovation, and ten kinds of small categories, with obvious continuous characteristics and complete innovative progresses. The clear technical innovative progress has provided the solutions to the inconsistency of innovation types, and the reference standard as well as foundation for the further research, mapping the innovation routine, and highlighting the importance of the incremental innovation. At the same time, it also plays an importantly guiding role in the development of China′s science and technology.