2019年湖北省草地贪夜蛾发生为害规律和监测技术探索

Research on the law of infestation and monitoring technology of Spodoptera frugiperda in Hubei province in 2019

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)侵入湖北省后快速蔓延,为害玉米、高粱、甘蔗、薏米等作物,但主要为害玉米,尤其对秋玉米为害最重。本文通过全省植保系统的系统监测和调查,总结了2019年草地贪夜蛾在湖北省发生区域、为害作物种类、受害面积,以及春、夏、秋三茬玉米主要被害时期的虫口密度和受害情况。结果显示,5月上中旬草地贪夜蛾从鄂东南、江汉平原南部侵入,5月中下旬是其主要蔓延扩散期;幼虫喜食苗期和喇叭口期玉米;全年玉米受害面积约10.083万hm^2,平均百株虫量3.5~12.3头,虫量秋玉米>夏玉米>春玉米,且同一季玉米播种迟的受害重;根据高空测报灯和性诱捕器的诱虫量,明显的成虫高峰期有2个,分别在8月下旬和9月中下旬;12月中下旬湖北部分县区仍查见存活幼虫和蛹。

Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith), fall armyworm(FAW), spread rapidly after its invasion into Hubei province, causing damages to maize, sorghum, sugarcane, Job’s tears and other corps. S.frugiperda mainly causes damages to maize, especially autumn maize. Based on the systematic monitoring and investigation of the provincial plant protection system, this paper summarized occurrence area, damaged corps, infected area, as well as larval density and damage situation of S.frugiperda during main damaged period of different corn fields in Hubei province in 2019. The results showed that S.frugiperda invaded into Hubei province in early and middle May from southeast Hubei and southern Jianghan Plain, and spread in middle and late May. S.frugiperda larvae prefer feeding on corn in seedling stage and bell stage. Total injured area of corn was 100 830 hm^2 in Hubei in 2019. The amount of larvae per hundred plants in corn field varied from 3.5-12.3, which showed seasonal fluctuation. Autumn corn has the highest S.frugiperda population density, followed by summer corn and spring corn. And S.frugiperda cause serious damages to late sowed corn in the same season. According to the amount of moth trapped by search light trap and sex pheromone trap, there are two obvious moth peaks in late August and mid-late September respectively. Larva and pupa were still found in some counties of Hubei province in mid-late December.