对高等教育学“危机”及发展的思考

Reflection on Crisis and Development of Higher Education

高等教育学学科面临“危机”成为近些年热议的学术话题。然而,从建制和理智层面来分析,高等教育学建制“危机”其实并不存在。个别高校对学位点和研究机构的调整是一种正常的改革行为,并未有充分证据说明在全国范围内该学科的建制出现全局性崩溃;理智“危机”也并不存在,持“危机说”者实则是对高等教育学抱有非合理的“自然科学化”固念。从经济学、社会学、管理学等学科的经验来看,自然科学化并非解决人文社会学科所谓理智“危机”的“灵丹妙药”,人文社会学科与自然科学有所区别的知识结构和发展特点是其正常属性而非理智“危机”。故而,与其说高等教育学学科面临“危机”是一种事实判断,毋宁说是一种警示象征和推动学科再发展的话语策略。面向未来发展,高等教育学应着力于回归知识本义、聚焦中微观研究、推进技术学建设、发展特殊性理论以及构建完整学科力量,谋求新的突破。

Higher education is facing disciplinary crisis,which have become a hot academic topic in recent years.From the perspective of organizational system and rationality,the crisis of higher education organizational system does not exist.The adjustment of academic degree points and research institutions by some universities is a normal reform behavior,and there is not enough evidence to show that the organizational system of the discipline has collapsed in the whole country.In addition,the rational crisis does not exist and the"crisis theory"is actually for higher education.The crisis comes from the natural scientization of higher education.From the experience of economics,sociology and management disciplines,the natural scientization is not a solution to solve the problems of knowledge development in humanities and social sciences.The different knowledge structure and development characteristics between humanities and social sciences and natural sciences are their normal attributes rather than"Rational Crisis".Therefore,it is not so much a matter of fact that such judgments are warning symbols and discourse strategies to promote the improvement of higher education.Facing the future developments,higher education should focus on returning to the original meaning of knowledge and focusing on meso-level and micro-level research.It further requires attention on promoting the construction of technology,developing the theory of particularity and building a complete discipline strength to seek new developments.