打赢脱贫攻坚战后农村贫困治理的优化与升级——基于嵌入式农村扶贫实践经验及嵌入行为治理的思考

Optimization and Upgrading of Rural Poverty Alleviation after the Winning of Poverty Alleviation:Thinking Based on the Practical Experience of Embedded Rural Poverty Alleviation and Embedded Behavior Governance

由于经济社会发展的不平衡不充分,中国的农村贫困治理需要外部力量的支持。在党的领导和政府主导下,脱贫攻坚阶段的嵌入式农村扶贫具有系统化的优势和精准性的特征:多元主体的全要素嵌入、多种渠道的全领域嵌入取得了显著成效,对绝对贫困人口进行的精准扶贫确保了脱贫攻坚任务的完成,但也存在"嵌入裂缝"降低了扶贫效率和绩效等问题。在打赢脱贫攻坚战后,随着农村贫困治理任务和环境的变化,嵌入式农村贫困治理应在延续系统化优势的基础上,通过嵌入行为治理弥合"嵌入裂缝",并从精准扶贫向精准防贫升级,从精准脱贫向整体致富升级:坚持以人民为中心,通过乡村治理现代化和制度嵌入及关系嵌入弥合"嵌入裂缝",提升嵌入式农村贫困治理的效率和绩效;坚持和加强党的领导,坚持和完善农村集体所有制,强化制度嵌入和关系嵌入,扶持壮大村级集体经济,构建和完善系统化、整体致富与精准防(扶)贫并重的农村贫困治理体系。

Because economic and social development is not balanced and sufficient,the rural poverty governance of China needs the support of external power.Under the leadership of the Party and the governments,the embedded rural poverty alleviation at the hard period has systematic advantage and targeted characteristics,the total factor embeddedness of multiple main bodies and the total field embeddedness of multiple channels have made significant achievements,and the targeted poverty alleviation on absolute poverty population ensures the finishing of hard poverty alleviation task but has"embedded crack",which decrease the poverty alleviation efficiency and performance and so on.After the winning of poverty alleviation battle,with the changing of rural poverty governance task and environment,on the basis of extending its systematic advantage,the embedded rural poverty governance should use the embedded behavior governance to fill the"embedded crack",should conduct the upgrading of targeted poverty prevention from targeted poverty alleviation and the upgrading of total richness from targeted poverty removal,should uphold people-centered idea,should use rural governance modernization and the embeddedness of the system and relation to fill"the embedded crack",should boost the efficiency and performance of embedded rural poverty governance,should uphold and consolidate the leadership of the Party,should stick to and perfect rural collective ownership,should support and enlarge village-level collective economy,and should construct and perfect rural poverty governance system based on both systematic and total richness and targeted poverty prevention.