国际知识溢出对中国内资企业创新产出的影响——FDI渠道、进口贸易渠道与吸收能力的调节作用

The Influence of International Knowledge Spillover on Innovation Output of Chinese Industrial Enterprises:Regulatory Role of FDI Channel,Import Trade Channel and Absorption Capacity

国际知识溢出效应主要通过FDI渠道和进口贸易渠道实现,并受技术吸收能力的调节。利用2009-2017年中国20个工业行业的面板数据,实证检验FDI知识溢出和进口贸易知识溢出对内资企业创新产出的影响以及企业吸收能力的调节作用,结果表明:从工业全行业及资本和技术密集型产业来看,FDI的知识溢出效应显著为正,但进口贸易知识溢出对企业创新产出有负向影响,两种渠道的知识溢出效应均随着企业技术吸收能力的增强而增强;从资源和劳动密集型产业来看,两种渠道的国际知识溢出效应都不理想,而且进口贸易渠道的知识溢出效应随着企业技术吸收能力的增强而减弱。一方面,应鼓励和支持内资企业加大R&D和新产品开发投入,通过提高自身的技术吸收能力更好地利用国际知识溢出效应;另一方面,应加快对外开放的转型升级,加大对资本和技术密集型产业的FDI引入,为国际知识溢出创造更多机会和更好环境,进而有效促进内资企业技术水平和创新产出的高质量提升。

International knowledge spillover effect is mainly realized by FDI channel and import trade channel and is regulated by technical absorption capacity.Based on the panel data of 20 Chinese industrial enterprises from2009 to 2017,this paper empirically tests the influence of FDI knowledge spillover and import trade knowledge spillover on the innovation output of Chinese enterprises and the regulatory role of the absorption capacity of the enterprises,and the results find that from the perspective of all industries,capital and technology intensive industries,the knowledge spillover effect of FDI is significantly positive,however,the knowledge spillover of import trade has negative impact on the innovation output of the enterprises,the knowledge spillover effect of the two channels increases with the increasing of technical absorption capacity of the enterprises.From the perspective of resources and labor intensive industries,the international knowledge spillover effect of the two channels is not optimistic,furthermore,the knowledge spillover effect of import trade channel weakens with the increasing of technical absorption capacity of the enterprises.In the one hand,China should encourage and support Chinese enterprises to enlarge the input of R&D and new products development and to better make use of international knowledge spillover effect by boosting self technical absorption capacity.In the other hand,China should accelerate the transformation and upgrading of foreign openness,promote the FDI introduction for capital and technology intensive industries,create more opportunities and better environment for international knowledge spillover,and further effectively boost the improvement of technical level and high quality innovation output of Chinese enterprises.