面向增材制造的拓扑优化技术发展现状与未来

Status and Future of Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing

增材制造技术通过材料逐层打印制备结构,为复杂构件制造提供了新的成形方式。拓扑优化因不依赖于初始构型的选择,可设计出传统理念难以获得的创新构型,已成为航空航天和高端装备领域高性能、轻量化结构设计的重要手段。拓扑优化与增材制造有机融合,充分发挥各自优势和潜力,在现代制造业中展现出广阔应用前景。回顾了近年来关于增材制造与拓扑优化技术融合研究的主要内容和应用成果,包括以材料结构一体化为核心的多尺度/多层级结构优化设计、以设计制造一体化为核心的考虑增材制造工艺约束的优化方法等。同时,也分析了未来研究工作中存在的问题与挑战,如点阵结构性能表征及其尺度关联效应、增材制造材料成形各向异性、功能梯度材料与结构、增材制造材料与结构疲劳特性等对设计方法和成形工艺带来的挑战,为未来相关研究工作和航空航天应用提供参考。

Additive manufacturing builds as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material,providing an alternative manufacturing pattern for complex components.In contrast to conventional structural design concept,topology optimization is independent on initial configuration and can obtain more innovative configurations,and has been a significant approach for high-performance and lightweight structures in the aerospace and high-end equipment field.The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their respective advantages and potentials,and has broad application prospects in modern manufacturing.This article reviews the main research content and applications of the integration of additive manufacturing and topology optimization in recent years,including multi-scale/hierarchical structural optimization design centering on material and structure integration,and topology optimization for additive manufacturing limits centering on design and manufacturing integration.Meanwhile,the problems and challenges of structural design approaches and additive manufacturing process are presented,such as the performance characterization as well as scale effects of additive manufactured lattice structures,the anisotropy of additive manufactured material,the fatigue performance of additive manufactured material,additive manufactured functionally graded material and structure,etc.,which provides references for tomorrow’s related research and aerospace applications.