4种胡桃科坚果中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成分析与营养评价

Composition analysis and nutrition evaluation of amino acids and fatty acids in four nuts of Juglandaceae

为对我国不同种类胡桃科坚果的高阶营养(氨基酸和脂肪酸组成)进行比较和评价,选取产自浙江、安徽、甘肃、陕西、四川、新疆6省的4种胡桃科坚果(普通核桃(Juglans regia Linn.)、泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)、山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch)),参照国标方法对其氨基酸与脂肪酸组成进行分析,利用必需氨基酸指数、氨基酸匹配度与平衡度评价、氨基酸比值系数评价法和脂肪酸指数评价法分别对氨基酸与脂肪酸组成进行营养评价。结果表明,泡核桃与普通核桃总氨基酸含量较高,4种坚果中必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的1/3左右,总氨基酸与必需氨基酸含量呈正相关关系。非必需氨基酸中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸含量较高。新疆阿克苏泡核桃在必需氨基酸指数与氨基酸匹配度的评价结果中为最优,4种胡桃科坚果氨基酸平衡度较为相近。氨基酸比值系数评价法显示浙江临安山核桃最优,新疆阿克苏泡核桃次之。4种胡桃科坚果中山核桃和薄壳山核桃中油酸含量较高;泡核桃和普通核桃中亚油酸含量较高。研究结果为胡桃科坚果的育种、生产与加工提供了一定的基础数据。

In order to compare and evaluate the higher-order nutrients( compositions of amino acid and fatty acid) of different walnut species in China,the compositions of amino acid and fatty acid of four nuts of Juglandaceae( Juglans regia Linn.,Juglans sigillata Dode,Carya cathayensis Sarg.,and Carya illinoensis( Wangenh.) K. Koch) from Zhejiang,Anhui,Gansu,Shaanxi,Sichuan and Xinjiang were analyzed according to the national standard method,and the nutritional evaluation of amino acid and fatty acid components were carried out by using essential amino acid index,matching degree and balance degree of amino acid,amino acid ratio coefficient method and fatty acid index evaluation method. The results showed that the total amino acids contents of Juglans sigillata Dode and Juglans regia Linn. were higher than the other two nuts. The content of essential amino acids in the four nuts accounted for about 1/3 of the total amino acid content. There was a positive correlation between total amino acids content and essential amino acids content. The contents of aspartic acid,glutamic acid and argininein of non-essential amino acids were higher. Juglans sigillata Dode from Aksu,Xinjiang was the best in the evaluation results of essential amino acid index and amino acid matching degree,and the amino acid balance degrees of the four nuts were similar. The amino acid ratio coefficient method showed that the Carya cathayensis Sarg. from Lin’an,Zhejiang was the best,followed by Juglans sigillata Dode from Aksu,Xinjiang. Carya cathayensis Sarg. and Carya illinoensis( Wangenh.) K. Koch had higher oleic acid content,while Juglans sigillata Dode and Juglans regia Linn. had higher linoleic acid content. The results provided some basic data for the breeding,production and processing of Juglandaceae nuts.