既往病毒性呼吸道传染疾病研究对抗COVID-19药物研发的启示

Implications of Previous Studies on Viral Respiratory Infections for Anti-COVID-19 Drug Development

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情严重威胁人类的健康,并对世界经济造成了巨大损失。COVID-19是急性爆发性疾病,目前尚无靶向治疗特效药或疫苗上市,主要是对症支持治疗。由于时间紧迫,市场急需,这给医药领域的新药研发带来了巨大挑战。针对2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2),充分借鉴既往的病毒(如流感病毒、SARS病毒、MERS病毒、埃博拉病毒等)引起的病毒性呼吸道传染疾病的防治理论和经验,快速形成有效的药物研发方案,是医药工业界应对新突发传染病的重要使命和有力抓手。本文综述了SARS-Co V-2与其他既往流行性病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染性疾病的发现、疫情蔓延和防治,剖析了病毒感染的发病机制,总结了既往病毒感染及防治药物的研究进展,以期为COVID-19的药物研发提供思路和启发。

The COVID-19 epidemic seriously threatened human health and caused huge losses to the world economy. COVID-19 is an acute explosive disease. Currently, symptomatic treatment is the only option for the patients who are suffering from COVID-19 and there is very few targeted medications or vaccines available in the market. Due to the lack of time and the urgent need for the market, which brings great challenges to the research and development of new drug in the pharmaceutical field. Therefore, seeking therapeutic options for treatments of COVID-19 based on previous theories and experience such as influenza virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola virus etc. Which caused viral respiratory infectious diseases is a critical priority. This review summarizes progresses of pharmacotherapeutic options and detection, spread and preventions of SARS-CoV-2 and other types of viruses that could cause epidemic pneumonia, and discusses the mechanism of virus infection, aiming to provide broad ideas and perspectives for developing novel medications against COVID-19.