惠州市惠城区学龄前儿童弱视现状的调查与分析

Epidemiological Study of Visual Acuity and Amblyopia in Preschoolers Aged 3 to 6 in Huicheng District of Huizhou City

目的:了解惠州市惠城区3~6岁学龄前儿童的视力发育状况及弱视的患病率,从而为儿童近视、弱视防控策略的制定提供依据。方法:采用横断面调查分析的方法,根据经济状况的不同,分层抽样选取惠州市惠城区6个不同街道的6所幼儿园,并对园内3~6岁的学龄前儿童的裸眼视力进行检查。对于裸眼视力未达到相应年龄标准的儿童进行复方托吡卡胺睫状肌麻痹验光,必要时选择阿托品麻痹睫状肌后行电脑验光,主觉验光,测定屈光度数并记录最佳矫正视力。最后按照年龄分组,对视力检查结果进行统计分析。结果:1 328例学龄前儿童完成检查,其中男730例(54.97%),女598例(45.03%),检出弱视儿童45例,患病率为3.39%,男女弱视患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄段弱视患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。弱视的类型以屈光不正性弱视和斜性弱视居多,分别占57.78、23.44%。经Logistic回归分析显示,斜视、家族遗传史、出生孕周<37周以及使用电子产品>2 h/d等均是学龄前儿童发生弱视的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:对学龄前儿童进行视力以及弱视的普查工作是很有必要的,做到早筛查、早发现、早治疗,尽量使儿童在视觉发育的敏感时期得到最佳治疗、恢复视力。

Objective:To understand the visual development status and prevalence of amblyopia among preschoolers aged 3-6 years in Huicheng District,Huizhou City,so as to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies of myopia and amblyopia in children.Method:According to different economic conditions,6 kindergartens in 6 different streets in Huicheng District of Huizhou City were selected by means of cross-sectional investigation and analysis.For children with naked eye vision not up to the corresponding age standard,compound topicamide cycloplegic paralysis optometry was performed,when necessary,atropine cycloplegic muscle after the computer optometry,subjective optometry,determine the number of diopter and record the best vision correction.Finally,the results of visual acuity examination were statistically analyzed by age group.Result:A total of 1 328 preschoolers completed the examination,including 730 males (54.97%) and 598 females (45.03%),45 children with amblyopia were detected,the prevalence rate was 3.39%,there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia between men and women (P>0.05),but there was a significant statistical difference in the prevalence of amblyopia among different age groups (P<0.05).Amblyopia was mainly ametropia amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia,accounting for 57.78% and 23.44% respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that strabismus,family genetic history,gestational age at birth <37 weeks,and use of electronic products> 2 h/d were all independent risk factors for amblyopia in preschool children (P<0.05).Conclusion:It is necessary to conduct pre-school children’s visual acuity and amblyopia screening work,early screening,early detection and early treatment should be done so that children can get the best treatment and restore their vision in the sensitive period of visual development.