高频汉字短时记忆编码方式的实验研究

An Experiment Study of the Short-term Memory Encoding Mode for High Frequency Chinese Charcters

以高频汉字为实验材料,基于信号检测论原理对短时记忆的编码方式进行研究以明确高频汉字在短时记忆中的主要编码方式。实验采取2×2两因素被试内设计。自变量1为噪音干扰,共两个水平,分别是听觉噪音干扰与视觉噪音干扰;自变量2为字形复杂程度,共两个水平,分别是简单字形与复杂字形。被试者为22名广东高校学生。实验结果发现被试在处理高频汉字时,听觉噪音对短时记忆的干扰作用显著大于视觉噪音;在同一类型噪音干扰情况下,字形简单组与字形复杂组的再认结果不存在显著差异。据此得到两个结论:(1)高频汉字的主要编码方式是音码,(2)字形简单与否不影响编码方式。

Taking high-frequency Chinese characters as the experimental material,the coding mode for short-term memory was studied based on the principle of signal detection theory to clarify the main encoding mode of high-frequency Chinese characters in short-term memory.The experiment adopted the 2×2 two-factor design.The independent variable 1 was noise interference,and there are two levels for it,namely auditory noise interference and visual noise interference.The independent variable 2 was the degree of glyph complexity.There are also two levels for it,namely simple glyphs and complex glyphs.The subjects were 22 college students in Guangdong Province.The experiment results show that the interference of auditory noise on short-term memory was significantly greater than that of visual noise when the subjects were processing high-frequency Chinese characters.In the case of the same type of noise interference,there was no significant difference in the recognition results between the simple group and the complex group of glyphs.Two conclusions can be drawn:(1)the main encoding method for high-frequency Chinese characters is the sound code,and(2)the simplicity of the glyph does not affect the encoding method.