汉语成语的隐转喻分析——以含方位词“上”“下”的空间四字格成语为例

A Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Approach to Chinese Idioms:A Case Study of Chinese Four-Syllabic Idioms with Location Words “Shang” “Xia”

本文从汉语成语的研究回顾与分析切入,探究含有方位词"上""下"的空间四字格成语的结构意义特征和认知理据。研究发现,汉语成语中的方位词既可单独出现在四字格成语的各个位置,又可成对出现构成相对的方位概念意义;方位词具有表示具体或抽象方位、具体或概括性地点、机构、概称性的人和人的各项特征以及时间等概念意义。同时,研究认为汉语空间成语的这种结构和表意功能背后的深层认知理据是人类思维的隐转喻性本质。

This paper,based on the previous studies and analyses about Chinese idioms,explores the form and meaning features and cognitive mechanism of Chinese special four-syllabic idioms with location words "shang""xia".It turns out that the location word can appear at any position in the idioms by itself or in correspondence with another location word Meanwhile,the location words show the conceptual meanings of specific and abstract location,specific and general place,institution,general people and features of people,and the notion of time,etc.The cognitive mechanism of Chinese idioms is conceptual metaphor and metonymy,which is the nature of human thought.