社会性别视角下滇越边境少数民族妇女反贫困实证分析——以红河哈尼族彝族自治州为例

Antipoverty of Minority Women in Yunnan-Vietnam Border from Perspective of Gender Socialization:Case Study on Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture

受自然、地理、历史等各种因素的影响,红河州滇越边境地区集少数民族、少数民族自治、少小民族、边境、人口少为一体,呈现出区域性的深度整体贫困,是我国当前实施精准扶贫脱贫攻坚的主战场。但由于社会发育程度偏低、妇女受教育程度比男性更低、妇女对家庭的依附性更强等原因,女性比男性更为贫困,发展更为困难。当前我国实施的以户为单位的精准扶贫战略,不可避免地伴随和影响着边境少数民族社会性别角色的发展变化,政府扶贫成效也受到边境社会长期以来形成的传统社会性别结构的影响。因此,在滇越边境民族地区的脱贫攻坚中,组织和引导妇女反贫困中,不要脱离边境少数民族妇女以家务劳动和家庭依附为主的社会性别角色分工,否则政府实施扶贫政策措施不仅不能在边境乡村社会中真正落地生效,同时更由于子女抚养和教育问题而影响到整个家庭和边境社会的和谐、稳定和可持续发展。

Due to the influences of the specific nature,geography and history,Honghe Prefecture has become a main battlefield taking target measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty,distinguished by the ethnic minorities,the small ethnic groups,the border crossings and the small population from other areas of China.There is a very common phenomenon that it is more difficult for the minority women to have a successful self-development than the minority men because of the low degree of social development,poor education,women’s dependence on families,etc.Undoubtedly,each step in the implementing poverty reduction strategies has a great impact on the development of ethnic groups’gender socialization,and the traditional gender structure and social roles formed over long yeas directly affect the performance of the government’s actions.Correspondingly,some suggestions should be put forward,that is,the traditional roles of minority women’s both in this area and in their families cannot be disturbed a lot when they are being organized and instructed to cut poverty;otherwise,the local government’s tries and actions will be in vain,and much more government’s involvement in their cares and education for children will unavoidably bring negative influences to keep harmony,balance and sustainable development of both their families and the special society.