中草药及其活性成分对人冠状病毒干预作用的研究进展

Research progress of intervention of Chinese herbal medicine and its active components on human coronavirus

2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)导致的疫情还在逐渐扩大,对人民群众生命安全和身体健康造成极大威胁,目前临床尚无针对其有效的治疗药物,多以对症治疗、预防干预为主,迫切需要尽快找到安全、有效的治疗药物。临床上可考虑借鉴严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)、中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS)的治疗方案,中草药在治疗SARS,MERS疾病的优势表现在早期干预、阻断疾病病程、减轻症状、缩短治疗时间、减轻并发症以及大剂量激素等引起的毒副作用等。据国家卫生健康委员会发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》,新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医疫病范畴,其在医学观察期和临床治疗期推荐了中成药和处方;国家卫生健康委员会和国家中医药管理局联合发布通知,推荐在中西医结合救治新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎中使用"清肺排毒汤",中药在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗方面显示出良好临床疗效和巨大潜力。既往研究表明某些中草药具有广谱抗病毒活性,为抗病毒药物发现提供了来源。该文对中草药对人冠状病毒的干预作用进行了回顾和分析,期望对2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的药物筛选和临床治疗有所帮助。

The outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)is still spreading,posing a great threat to the safety and health of general population.However,there have not been any effective drugs for treatment,with symptomatic treatment and prevention prevailing.The treatment plans of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)are often used for reference in clinic.The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating SARS and MERS are that it can intervene and block the progression of disease in early stage,significantly reduce symptoms,shorten the treatment duration of patients,reduce complications and side effects caused by hormone therapy.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)belongs to the category of TCM epidemic diseases.Chinese patent medicines and prescriptions in medical observation and clinical treatment were recommended in the"pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan for new coronavirus infection"(trial version fifth)of the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China.Qingfei Paidu Decotion was recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.TCM shows good clinical efficacy and great potential in the treatment of COVID-19.Previous studies of TCM have shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity,providing a variety of sources for the discovery of new antiviral drugs.In this paper,we reviewed traditional Chinese medicines and its active ingredients in the hope of bringing novel inspirations to the drug screening and clinical treatment for COVID-19.