我国突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系:现实、国际经验与未来构想

The Emergency Management System for Public Health Emergencies in China:Reality,International Experience and Future Vision

【目的/意义】截至2020年4月6日,全球累计确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎病例已超过126万例,中国累计确诊病例8万余例,探索全球高效突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系刻不容缓。【设计/方法】通过对中国突发公共卫生事件应急管理机制的多维度时间性比较研究,深刻剖析制度建设、机构搭建、联防联控机制优化等内容,进而揭示我国突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系取得的重大进步。在借鉴国际典型应急管理经验的基础上,提出进一步优化我国突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系的相关建议。【结论/发现】目前,我国逐步实现由分散协调、临时响应的应急管理机制向综合应急管理体系演化的颠覆式变革的同时,也暴露出诸如突发公共卫生事件衍生的经济性质危机未被纳入应急法律处置范围等一系列问题亟待优化。未来应当注重突发公共卫生事件应急管理长效机制建设,并从顶层设计、数据库搭建、志愿队伍常态化建设等方面提高应急管理能力。

[Purpose/Significance]COVID-19 cases have been diagnosed in more than 1 million 260 thousand patients by April 6,2020,and over 80 thousand cases have been diagnosed in China.Exploring a global efficient emergency management system for public health emergencies is an urgent task.[Design/Methodology]Through a multi-dimensional time-based comparative study of the emergency management mechanism for public health emergencies in China,this article deeply analyzes the contents of system construction,institution building,and joint defense and control mechanism optimization,and then reveals the major achievements of China’s public health emergency management system progress.On the basis of drawing on typical international emergency management experience,relevant suggestions for further optimizing our emergency management system for public health emergencies are proposed.[Findings/Conclusion]At present,while China is gradually implementing a subversive change from a decentralized,coordinated and temporary response emergency management mechanism to an integrated emergency management system,it also exposes many problems that need to be improved,such as the economic crisis caused by public health emergencies has not been included in the scope of emergency legal treatment.In the future,we should focus on the construction of a long-term mechanism for emergency management of public health emergencies,and improve emergency management capabilities in terms of top-level design,database construction,and normalization of volunteer teams.