海南省新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan Province,China

目的分析和描述截至2020年3月4日海南省报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎病例的流行病学特征。为下一阶段的防控策略和措施制定提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法进行分析:疫情的地区分布、时间分布、人群特征、聚集性疫情、病例发病就诊情况分析、本地病例和重症病例情况分析。结果共报告168例确诊病例,其中重症36例,死亡5例。病例主要分布在海口、三亚等旅游热点市县。2020年1月13日出现首例病例,1月24日达发病高峰,2月6日后发病呈下降趋势。男女性别比为0.9∶1,年龄中位数51岁,50岁以上占54.8%。离退人员占比最高,占36.9%。2月以来本地病例所占比例呈上升趋势。本地病例发病到就诊,首诊到确诊,发病到确诊和发病到入院时间中位数均大于输入病例。重/危重病例年龄中位数、患有基础疾病的病例比例均大于轻/普通型病例。重/危重症病例发病到就诊时间大于轻/普通型病例,但就诊到确诊时间前者小于后者。结论海南省疫情呈现3个阶段,从以输入性为主,发展为以本地病例发病为主,到低水平发病阶段。应加强服务行业人群个人防护、健康监测,对所有密切接触者集中隔离,加强宣传教育,提高老百姓尤其是60岁以上老人就诊意识,医疗机构应关注60岁以上有基础疾病的病例病情变化。要加大返工后的疫情监测和入境人员的健康管理,巩固防控成效。

The epidemiology characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19)cases in Hainan were collected and analyzed for providing next stage control and prevention strategy in next stage.Spatial and temporal distribution,population characteristic,cluster,the interval between onset,visiting clinic,admitted were analyzed.Local cases and severe cases were also included in the analysis.Result showed that a total of 168 confirmed cases,including 36 severe cases and 5 fatal cases were reported.Cases were mainly distributed in Haikou,Sanya etc tourism cities and counties.The first case occurred in Jan 13 th and the epidemic peak occurred in Jan 24 th.Since Feb 6 th,onset of illness has declined.The male-to-female ratio was 0.9∶1.The median age was 51 years.Cases older than 50 years accounted for 54.8%.Retirees accounted for 36.9%,which was highest in all cases.Since Feb,the proportion of local cases rose dramatically.The period from onset to visiting clinic(OTV),from first visiting clinic to diagnosis(VTF),from onset to diagnosis(OTD)and from onset to be admitted(OTA)was longer in local cases than imported cases.Median age and the percentage of underlying diseases of severe/extreme cases were higher than mild/ordinary cases.OTV of severe/extreme cases was longer than mild/ordinary cases,while for VTF,the former was shorter than latter.The epidemic was divided into three stages.Most of cases in the first stage were imported cases,while in the second stage most of cases were local cases.There were few cases in the third stages.We should strengthen personal protection and health monitoring for people in service industry,isolate the close contacts,and carry out publicity and education to raise the awareness of medical treatment for people,especially for old people.Clinical doctors should monitor the state of the patients older than 60 years and with underlying diseases.We should step up epidemic monitoring prevention and control measure for people return from holiday and immigrant to consolidate the effects of prevention and control work.