新型冠状病毒的病原学和流行特征

Etiology feature and epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV

新型冠状病毒(简称"新冠病毒")是一种人兽共患的新发病原体,它引起的新型冠状病毒疾病(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)影响全世界多个国家和地区,被WHO判定为全球大流行病,引发了严重的公共卫生安全问题。新型冠状病毒具有很强的人际间传播能力,人群普通易感,病人是最重要的传染源,传播途径主要包括飞沫传播、接触传播和特定条件下的气溶胶传播。截至2020年4月20日,全球共211个国家和地区出现新冠肺炎病例,累积确诊病例超过247万,死亡病例超过17万。新冠肺炎患者大多以轻症为主,患者表现为发热、咳嗽、肌痛、疲劳、腹泻、呼吸困难等症状,但少数患者会出现急性呼吸窘迫综合症或合并严重呼吸道并发症,甚至死亡。本文主要对新型冠状病毒的结构和流行病学等方面的研究进行了综述,为新冠肺炎的预防和控制提供参考。

The novel coronavirus is a novel emerging pathogens,it is one of typical zoonotic pathogens,which causes Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Because COVID-19 affected many countries and regions and caused serious public health safety problems,it was judged by WHO as a global pandemic disease.The novel coronavirus has strong transmission ability among individuals,and all the persons with susceptibility.Patients are the most important sources of infection.And the most important transmission route mainly include droplet transmission,contact transmission and aerosol transmission under specific conditions.COVID-19 spread rapidly to all countries in this world,a total of 211 countries and regions have reported COVID-19 cases until 20-April-2020,and over 2.47 millions of individuals were confirmed diagnosised and 170 thounsands were death globally.Most of the COVID-19 patients have mild symptom,such as fever,cough,myalgia,fatigue,diarrhea,dyspnea,etc.,however,a few COVID-19 cases have acute respiratory distress syndrome,and they were complied with serious respiratory complication,and even death.The etiology feature and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 were reviewed in this paper,it will provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 disease.