协调抑或混乱:礼让、未决之诉与既判力等原则适用于国际仲裁吗?

Coordination or Chaos:Do the Principles of Comity,Lis Pendens,and Res Judicata Apply to International Arbitration?

在国际仲裁中,法院与仲裁庭之间、不同仲裁庭之间以及不同国家法院之间需要彼此协调,以避免因裁判冲突造成混乱局面。在解决法院与仲裁庭之间的管辖权冲突问题上,其指导原则并非礼让或未决之诉原则,而是自裁管辖权原则。一旦仲裁裁决或法院判决已经作出,法院与仲裁庭之间的关系协调则应诉诸既判力原则。不同仲裁庭之间的关系协调不宜诉之于硬性规则,应发挥仲裁员的自由裁量空间。关于不同国家法院之间的关系协调问题,各法域只有将审查焦点放在仲裁裁决本身而非他国法院关于仲裁裁决的裁定上,并基于自身标准予以裁断,才能更好地服务于司法协调与正义。

In international arbitration,coordination between state courts and arbitral tribunals,between different arbitral tribunals and between different state courts,is needed to prevent chaotic situations caused by conflicting decisions.The guiding principle in resolving jurisdictional conflicts between state courts and arbitral tribunals is the principle of competence-competence rather than international comity or lis pendens.Once an arbitral award or a court decision is rendered,the coordination between state courts and arbitral tribunals should resort to res judicata.It is not appropriate to apply hard rules for the coordination between different arbitral tribunals which could be better achieved by arbitrators using their discretionary power.Regarding the coordination between different state courts,it is only by focusing on the arbitral award itself rather than the related court decisions from other countries and deciding by its own standards that judicial coordination and international justice can be better served.